Different Branches of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

• Marine construction
  Marine construction segment includes dredging activities, where construction firms gather bottom sediment in shallow seas and dispose of them in other areas. This is often done to allow waterways to be navigable for ships. Additionally, marine construction includes creating navigational channels, which involves cutting deeper into the sea or riverbed to enable larger ships to pass through to ports.
• Mass transit construction
  Mass transit primarily includes the construction of railroads and stations, as well as trolleybuses, trams and ferries. Most medium to large-sized cities have some form of public transport such as railway, which requires design and engineering services. Mass transit construction has risen as a proportion of revenue over the past five years as public transport becomes more popular in urban areas due to the rising cost of gas and stronger local investment in rail.
• Harbour and port facilities construction
  Harbour and port facilities complement marine construction and, therefore, typically follow similar growth patterns and include the construction of marine buildings and facilities that assist the docking and unloading of ships. This segment has increased marginally over the past five years due to rising trade volumes and larger cargo ships that require harbour and port construction to receive larger ships.
• Conservation and development construction
  Conservation and development construction includes the development of recreational areas, athletic fields, courts, golf courses and campgrounds. Additionally, any general development of land for conservation purposes is included in this segment.
• Power plant construction
  Power plants and hydroelectric power plants demand has declined as power plant construction has lagged behind all other construction services offered. This has been exacerbated by dry atmospheric conditions, which reduce demand for hydroelectric plants. Furthermore, stringent environmental regulations have slowed new investment in hydroelectricity due to the potentially damaging effects of creating dams and changing the flow of water.
• Tunnels and other
  Construction of tunnels accounts generates revenue through the construction of water mains, storage wells, oil and gas pipelines and pumping stations, and sewage and water treatment plants.